Njengoba i-coronavirus entsha isakazeka kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, ukunaka kwabantu kwezempilo sekufinyelele ezingeni elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.Ikakhulukazi, usongo olungaba khona lwe-coronavirus entsha emaphashini nakwezinye izitho zokuphefumula kwenza ukuqapha kwezempilo kwansuku zonke kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, okokusebenza kwe-pulse oximeter kuya ngokuya kufakwa ezimpilweni zabantu zansuku zonke futhi sekuphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuqapha impilo yasekhaya.
Ngakho-ke, uyazi ukuthi ubani umsunguli we-pulse oximeter yesimanje?
Njengentuthuko eminingi yesayensi, i-pulse oximeter yesimanje yayingeyona ingqondo yengqondo ethile eyedwa.Kusukela embonweni wakudala, obuhlungu, ohamba kancane futhi ongasebenzi maphakathi nawo-1800, futhi othathe isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu, ososayensi abaningi nonjiniyela bezokwelapha baye baqhubeka nokwenza impumelelo kwezobuchwepheshe ekulinganiseni amazinga komoyampilo wegazi, belwela ukuhlinzeka ngokushesha, okuphathekayo nokungewona. - indlela ye-pulse oximetry engavamile.
1840 I-Hemoglobin, ethwala amangqamuzana omoya-mpilo egazini, yatholwa
Maphakathi nawo-1800 ngasekupheleni, ososayensi baqala ukuqonda indlela umzimba womuntu odonsa ngayo umoya-mpilo futhi uwusabalalise kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ngo-1840, uFriedrich Ludwig Hunefeld, ilungu le-German Biochemical Society, wathola isakhiwo sekristalu esithwala umoya-mpilo egazini, ngaleyo ndlela ehlwanyela imbewu ye-pulse oximetry yesimanje.
Ngo-1864 uFelix Hoppe-Seyler wanikeza lezi zakhiwo zekristalu eliwumlingo igama lazo, i-hemoglobin.Ukuhlola kukaHope-Thaylor nge-hemoglobin kwaholela isazi sezibalo nesazi se-physics sase-Ireland-saseBrithani uGeorge Gabriel Stokes ukuba ahlole “ukuncipha kombala nokukhipha i-oxidation yamaprotheni egazini.”
Ngo-1864, uGeorge Gabriel Stokes noFelix Hoppe-Seyler bathola imiphumela ehlukile ye-spectral yegazi elicebile komoyampilo kanye ne-oxygen elimpofu ngaphansi kokukhanya.
Ukuhlola okwenziwa uGeorge Gabriel Stokes noFelix Hoppe-Seyler ngo-1864 kwathola ubufakazi obusobala be-hemoglobin ebopha umoya-mpilo.Baqaphele:
Igazi elinomoya-mpilo (i-hemoglobin ene-oksijini) libonakala libomvu njengetsheri elikhanyayo ngaphansi kokukhanya, kuyilapho igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo (i-hemoglobin engenawo umoya) libonakala limnyama ngokunsomi ngokubomvu.Isampula legazi elifanayo lizoshintsha umbala lapho livezwe ekugxilweni komoyampilo okuhlukile.Igazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo libonakala libomvu ngokugqamile, kuyilapho igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo libonakala libomvu ngokujulile.Lokhu kushintsha kombala kungenxa yezinguquko ezicini zokumuncwa kwe-spectral zamangqamuzana e-hemoglobin lapho ehlangana noma ehlukana nomoya-mpilo.Lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ubufakazi obuqondile be-spectroscopic bomsebenzi wokuthwala umoya-mpilo egazini futhi kubeka isisekelo sesayensi sokuhlanganisa i-hemoglobin nomoya-mpilo.
Kodwa ngesikhathi u-Stokes no-Hope-Taylor benza ucwaningo lwabo, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokukala amazinga e-oxygenation egazini lesiguli kwakusawukuthatha isampula yegazi futhi balihlaziye.Le ndlela ibuhlungu, iyahlasela, futhi iphuza kakhulu ukunikeza odokotela isikhathi esanele sokuthatha isinyathelo ngolwazi olunikezayo.Futhi noma iyiphi inqubo ehlaselayo noma yokungenelela inamandla okubangela ukutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusikwa kwesikhumba noma izinti zezinaliti.Lokhu kutheleleka kungase kwenzeke endaweni noma kusakazeke kube ukutheleleka kwesistimu.ngaleyo ndlela kuholele kwezokwelapha
ingozi yokwelashwa.
Ngo-1935, udokotela waseJalimane uKarl Matthes wasungula i-oximeter eyayikhanyisa igazi elibekwe ezindlebeni ngamaza akabili.
Udokotela waseJalimane uKarl Matthes wasungula umshini ngo-1935 owawuxhunywe endlebeni yesiguli futhi wawungakhanya kalula egazini lesiguli.Ekuqaleni, imibala emibili yokukhanya, eluhlaza nokubomvu, yayisetshenziselwa ukubona ukuba khona kwe-hemoglobin ene-oksijini, kodwa Imishini enjalo inobuhlakani obusha, kodwa inokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuyilinganisa futhi inikeza kuphela amathrendi okugcwalisa kunemiphumela ephelele yepharamitha.
Umsunguli kanye nesazi sokusebenza komzimba u-Glenn Millikan udala i-oximeter yokuqala ephathekayo ngeminyaka yawo-1940s.
Umsunguli waseMelika kanye nesazi sokusebenza komzimba uGlenn Millikan wenze ihedisethi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-oximeter yokuqala ephathekayo.Wabuye waqamba igama elithi "oximetry."
Lo mshini wakhiwe ukuze uhlangabezane nesidingo somshini owusizo wabashayeli bezindiza beMpi Yezwe II ngezinye izikhathi ababendizela ezindaweni eziphakeme ngenxa yendlala yomoya-mpilo.Ama-oximeter endlebe kaMillikan asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko endizeni yezempi.
Ngo-1948-1949: U-Earl Wood uthuthukisa i-oximeter kaMillikan
Esinye isici uMillikan angazange asishaye indiva kudivayisi yakhe kwakuyisidingo sokwakha inani elikhulu legazi endlebeni.
Udokotela we-Mayo Clinic u-Earl Wood uthuthukise idivayisi ye-oximetry esebenzisa ukucindezela komoya ukuphoqa igazi eliningi endlebeni, okuholela ekufundweni okunembe kakhulu nokuthembekile ngesikhathi sangempela.Le headset yayiyingxenye yohlelo lwe-Wood ear oximeter olwakhangiswa ngawo-1960.
1964: URobert Shaw wasungula i-oximeter yokuqala yokufunda ngokuphelele
U-Robert Shaw, udokotela ohlinzayo e-San Francisco, wazama ukwengeza ubude obungamaza okukhanya ku-oximeter, ethuthukisa indlela kaMatisse yokuthola yasekuqaleni yokusebenzisa amaza okukhanya amabili.
Idivayisi ka-Shaw ihlanganisa amaza amaza okukhanya ayisishiyagalombili, okwengeza idatha eyengeziwe ku-oximeter ukuze kubalwe amazinga egazi anomoya-mpilo.Le divayisi ibhekwa njenge-oximeter yendlebe yokuqala yokufunda ngokuphelele.
1970: UHewlett-Packard wethula i-oximeter yokuqala yokuhweba
I-oximeter kaShaw yayibhekwa njengento ebizayo, enkulu, futhi kwakudingeka ihanjiswe ngamasondo isuka kwelinye igumbi ngekamelo esibhedlela.Kodwa-ke, kubonisa ukuthi izimiso ze-pulse oximetry ziqondwa kahle ngokwanele ukuze zithengiswe kumaphakheji okuhweba.
U-Hewlett-Packard uthengise i-ear oximeter yamaza ayisishiyagalombili ngeminyaka yawo-1970s futhi uyaqhubeka nokunikeza ama-pulse oximeters.
1972-1974: I-Takuo Aoyagi ithuthukisa isimiso esisha se-pulse oximeter
Ngenkathi ecwaninga izindlela zokuthuthukisa idivayisi ekala ukugeleza kwegazi kwe-arterial, unjiniyela wase-Japan u-Takuo Aoyagi uthole ukutholakala okunomthelela omkhulu kwenye inkinga: i-pulse oximetry.Waqaphela ukuthi izinga lokuphefumula komoya-mpilo egazini lemithambo yegazi lingalinganiswa nesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo kwenhliziyo.
U-Takuo Aoyagi wethula lesi simiso kumqashi wakhe u-Nihon Kohden, kamuva owasungula i-oximeter OLV-5100.Yethulwa ngo-1975, idivayisi ithathwa njenge-oximeter yendlebe yokuqala emhlabeni ngokusekelwe kumgomo we-Aoyagi we-pulse oximetry.Idivayisi ayizange ibe yimpumelelo yezohwebo futhi nokuqonda kwakhe akuzange kuzitshwe isikhathi esithile.Umcwaningi wase-Japan u-Takuo Aoyagi udume ngokuhlanganisa “i-pulse” ku-pulse oximetry ngokusebenzisa i-waveform ekhiqizwa ama-arterial pulses ukukala nokubala i-SpO2.Waqala ukubika umsebenzi weqembu lakhe ngo-1974. Ubhekwa futhi njengomsunguli we-pulse oximeter yesimanje.
Ngo-1977, i-oximeter yokuqala yomunwe we-pulse OXIMET Met 1471 yazalwa.
Kamuva, uMasaichiro Konishi no-Akio Yamanishi baseMinolta bahlongoza umbono ofanayo.Ngo-1977, uMinolta wethula i-oximeter yokuqala yomunwe, i-OXIMET Met 1471, eyaqala ukusungula indlela entsha yokulinganisa i-pulse oximetry ngeminwe.
Ngo-1987, i-Aoyagi yayaziwa kakhulu njengomsunguli we-pulse oximeter yesimanje.I-Aoyagi ikholelwa "ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bokuqapha obuqhubekayo obungahlaseli" bokuqapha isiguli.I-pulse oximeter yesimanje ihlanganisa lesi simiso, futhi imishini yanamuhla iyashesha futhi ayinabuhlungu ezigulini.
1983 I-pulse oximeter yokuqala ye-Nellcor
Ngo-1981, udokotela obulala izinzwa uWilliam New nozakwabo ababili bakha inkampani entsha ebizwa ngokuthi iNellcor.Bakhipha i-pulse oximeter yabo yokuqala ngo-1983 ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nellcor N-100.I-Nellcor ithuthukise intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-semiconductor ukuze ithengise ama-oximeters afana neminwe.Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi i-N-100 inembe futhi iyaphatheka uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ihlanganisa izici ezintsha kubuchwepheshe be-pulse oximetry, ikakhulukazi inkomba ezwakalayo ebonisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kanye ne-SpO2.
I-oximeter yesimanje yomunwe we-miniaturized pulse oximeter
Ama-Pulse oximeters azivumelanise kahle nezinkinga eziningi ezingase ziphakame lapho uzama ukukala amazinga egazi esiguli anomoya-mpilo.Bazuza kakhulu ekuncipheni kosayizi wama-chip ekhompuyutha, okubavumela ukuthi bahlaziye ukukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nedatha yenhliziyo etholwe ngamaphakheji amancane.Ukuphumelela kwedijithali futhi kunikeza onjiniyela bezokwelapha ithuba lokwenza izinguquko kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokufundwa kwe-pulse oximeter.
Isiphetho
Impilo iyingcebo yokuqala empilweni, futhi i-pulse oximeter ingunakekeli wezempilo okuzungezile.Khetha i-pulse oximeter yethu futhi ubeke impilo ezandleni zakho!Masinake ukuqapha komoyampilo wegazi futhi sivikele impilo yethu neyemindeni yethu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-13-2024
