ukugcwaliswa kwe-oxygen (i-SaO2) iphesenti lamandla e-oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) eboshwe umoya-mpilo egazini kumthamo ophelele we-hemoglobin (Hb, i-hemoglobin) engaboshwa umoya-mpilo, okungukuthi, ukugcwala komoyampilo wegazi egazini. igazi. imingcele ebalulekile yokuphila.
Ukugcwala komoyampilo wegazi kumelela impilo yomzimba womuntu futhi kungabonisa impilo yohlelo lokuphefumula lomuntu kanye nohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekuxilongweni kwezifo zabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ukugcwala kwe-oxygen egazini kubaluleke kakhulu. incazelo ye-physiological.
Indlela yomtholampilo engahlaseleki yokulinganisa ukugcwala komoyampilo wegazi ukusebenzisa inzwa ye-photoelectric yohlobo lwe-finger cuff, futhi ukugcwala komoyampilo egazini le-arterial kusetshenziswa esikhundleni sokugcwala komoyampilo kwezicubu zomuntu. Ukuqapha ukugcwala kwe-oxygen egazini kungathwala umoya-mpilo ku-oxyhemoglobin emaphashini. Ingabonisa ngokuqondile umsebenzi wokuphefumula wamaphaphu. Inani lokukala labantu abanempilo kufanele libe ngaphezu kwama-95%, futhi lingase libe phansi kwababhemayo. Ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi ngaphansi kuka-90% kuwuphawu oluyingozi.
Uma okuqukethwe komoyampilo egazini emzimbeni womuntu kuncishisiwe, kulula ukubangela izimpawu ezinjengokukhathala nokulala, ukungabi namandla, nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo. Okuqukethwe komoyampilo enganele wesikhathi eside kuzodala umonakalo ebuchosheni, enhliziyweni nakwezinye izitho.
Ubuchopho yingxenye ebucayi kakhulu yesimiso sezinzwa ku-hypoxia. I-hypoxia encane ebuchosheni izodala izimpawu ezinjengokukhathala kwengqondo, ukungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokulahlekelwa inkumbulo. Uma ubuchopho buqhubeka buntula umoya-mpilo, kuzoholela ekufeni kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, futhi kulula ukuba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinye izinhlelo, okusongela ukuphila. Uma i-hypoxia ishubile, noma i-hypoxia ebukhali, umuzwa wabantu wokuqondisa nokuxhumana kwezimoto uzolahleka kancane kancane, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, ukuphazamiseka kokuqaphela, i-coma, ngisho nokufa kuyokwenzeka.
Njengobuchopho, inhliziyo iyisitho esisebenzisa umoya-mpilo omningi futhi sinezinga eliphezulu lokugayeka kokudla. Lapho inhliziyo ine-hypoxic encane, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elinxephezelayo liyakhula kuqala, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphuma kwenhliziyo kuyanda, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lunxephezela ukuntuleka kokuqukethwe komoyampilo esimweni esinamandla, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhiqiza kabusha ukugeleza kwegazi, imithambo yobuchopho kanye ne-coronary. . Ukunwetshwa okukhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwegazi elanele kuzodala izimpawu ezinjengokuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo nokushaya ngamandla. Lapho inhliziyo iqhubeka ne-hypoxia engapheli, ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwe-subendocardial lactic acid, ukwakheka kwe-ATP kuncipha, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kwe-myocardial, okuholela ku-bradycardia, ukufinyela ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukwehla komfutho wegazi kanye nokuphuma kwenhliziyo, kanye ne-arrhythmias efana ne-ventricular fibrillation ngisho ne-ventricular. i-fibrillation. i-asystole. Uma inhliziyo i-hypoxic kakhulu, kuzoholela ku-myocardial hypertrophy kanye ne-cardiac volume hypertrophy, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kuzokwehla, futhi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuzokwenzeka kalula. .
Ukwengeza, ucwaningo oluhlobene ngaphandle komkhakha wezokwelapha luqinisekisile ukuthi ukuqapha ukugcwala komoyampilo egazini kunokubaluleka okubalulekile okuqondisayo ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi nokulinganisa ukubikezela.
Ukuze ugweme ngempumelelo ukulimala okuhlukahlukene komzimba okubangelwa i-hypoxia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha ukugcwala komoyampilo egazini empilweni yansuku zonke. Kusukela ekuveleni kwendlela yokuqapha ukugcwala kwe-oksijeni yegazi kuze kube manje, i-pulse oximeter isetshenziswe kabanzi emisebenzini yomtholampilo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokungahlaseli, eziphephile futhi ezinokwethenjelwa, ezisebenziseka kalula, ezisebenzayo, eziqhubekayo futhi ezifika ngesikhathi, futhi ezishibhile. Sekuyimishini yokuxilonga yezokwelapha ebaluleke kakhulu ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo, igumbi lokuhlinza kanye negumbi labagula kakhulu esibhedlela.
Isibonelo, ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuqapha komoya-mpilo wegazi kungaqapha ngokuqhubekayo ukugcwala komoyampilo wegazi wesiguli, bese kunquma ukunikezwa komoya-mpilo ngokwenani elilinganisiwe lokugcwala komoyampilo wegazi, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulethwa okuphephile nokuphumelelayo komoya-mpilo.
Egunjini lokuhlinza, umqaphi we-oksijeni wegazi angaqhubeka nokukala ukugcwala komoyampilo, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezigula kakhulu kanye nokusebenza ngokungena komoya ompofu, anganikeza ngokushesha umoya wegazi wesiguli, ukuze odokotela bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhlenga ezihambisanayo ngokushesha. Egunjini lokuqapha, ukuqapha kwe-oksijeni yegazi kungasetha izinto ze-alamu ezihambisanayo ngokuvumelana nesimo esihambisanayo. Uma isiguli sitholakala sine-apnea, inani eliphansi lokugcwala komoyampilo egazini, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane, njll. i-alamu ehambisanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaphelweni kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ikakhulukazi ezizwelayo ekuhlonzweni kwe-hyperoxia noma i-hypoxemia ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa nezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, bese kulungiswa ukutholakala komoyampilo kwemishini yokuphakela komoya ngesikhathi sangempela ngokuya ngemiphumela yokuqapha ukugwema isicefe osanda kuzalwa. ukulimala kwengqondo, amehlo, namaphaphu ezingane. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-oximeter ayandayo agqokekayo asendlini nawo afikile ekunakekelweni kwabantu, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ekuhlolweni, ekuzilawuleni nokunye.
Isibonelo, ukuqapha isimo sokugcwala komoyampilo wegazi kusenesikhathi ukuqonda uhlelo lokuphefumula lomsebenzisi kanye nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukuze kuhlonzwe ukuthi ingabe bane-hypoxemia ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze kuvinjwe ngempumelelo noma kwehliswe ukufa ngengozi okubangelwa i-hypoxia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oximeter ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlola izinkinga zokugwinya, ukuhlola i-apnea syndrome, nokuhlola ukukalwa kwegesi yegazi. Okokugcina, i-oximeter yasekhaya nayo inale misebenzi elandelayo yokuzilawula - njengesiqondiso sokwelashwa komoyampilo, futhi iziguli ezinezinkinga zokuphefumula ezingapheli ngokuvamile zingakwazi ukuzilawula ekhaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziqapha komoyampilo wegazi nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha lwezokwelapha nakweminye imikhakha. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lokugcwala komoyampilo wokuphefumula ubuthongo, ukuqapha kokugcwala komoyampilo egazini kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukuthi isiguli sine-apnea syndrome yokulala noma ukugcwala komoyampilo ebusuku. Ukugcwala okuphansi nezinye izimo, ukuxilongwa kokugcina kwesifo esingapheli se-tracheal obstructive tracheal.
Ingasetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni lwempilo yomuntu yezemidlalo futhi idlala indima ebalulekile kweminye imikhakha eminingi njenge: ezempi, i-aerospace nokunye. Esikhathini esizayo, iziqaphi eziphathwayo zokugcwala kwe-oxygen egazini zizosetshenziswa kabanzi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwasekhaya nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo komphakathi, okuzoba nokubaluleka okukhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekuxilongweni kwezifo zabantu. Kusu locwaningo nentuthuko ye-oximeter, i-Narigmed, izinikele ekuthuthukiseni ngokuqhubekayo ukunemba kokulinganisa kwe-oximeter, ngokuqhubekayo ithuthukisa ukusebenza okubuthakathaka kwe-perfusion nokusebenza okuphambene nokuvivinya umzimba, futhi ilindele ukuletha izindaba ezinhle kubantu abaningi, ubuchwepheshe be-oksijeni begazi be-Narigmed buzimele. amalungelo empahla yobuhlakani, futhi ekufakeni okubuthakathaka PI = 0.025 % Isengakwazi ukugcina ukunemba komoyampilo wegazi kanye nesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo ngaphansi kwe-ultra-low perfusion ebuthaka kanye nemvamisa ethile yokunyakaza okugxilile nokunyakaza okungahleliwe, okungangabazeki ukuthi umholi phakathi kwezokwelapha zaseShayina. izinkampani zedivayisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-02-2023
